wrought

adjective; verb (old past form of «work»)

«wrought» in the English dictionary: everyday and in Jewish tradition and Early Modern English — its meanings, how the lessons use it, and examples, each with its tree on Mova.

Everyday

(old, formal) An old past form of «work», meaning made, shaped or caused: «The storm wrought great damage.» tree →
In «wrought iron»: iron that has been heated and hammered into shape, used for gates, railings and fences. tree →
In «wrought up» or «overwrought»: very upset, nervous or worked up. tree →

In the lessons

In history and old books «wrought» describes what was made or caused («What hath God wrought» — the first long-distance telegraph message, 1844). In everyday life you see «wrought-iron gates». Phrases: «wrought iron», «wrought havoc» (caused great damage), «finely wrought» (skilfully made).

Examples

The park has beautiful wrought-iron gates. tree →
The flood wrought havoc in the town. tree →
The blacksmith wrought the iron into a horseshoe. tree →
The finely wrought silver cup was in the museum. tree →
She was all wrought up before the concert. tree →
War wrought great changes in people's lives. tree →
«What hath God wrought» was the first message sent by Morse code over a long line. tree →
Our man paused when he beheld what he had wrought. tree →

Note

Old-fashioned and formal; today we say «made» or «caused». Not the past of «wreak», though people often say «wrought havoc» and «wreaked havoc» — both are used. Pronounced RAWT, rhymes with «caught». «Wrought iron» is different from «cast iron», which is poured into moulds.

In Jewish tradition

It means made or done. It is used of the skilled work on the Sanctuary and of the great wonders Moses did. The prophets and Job also use it for deeds, good or bad, and for what God has done.

Interpretation. The craftsmen of the Sanctuary were seen as wise and inspired by God. The wonders Moses wrought in Egypt are remembered at Passover.

Examples

And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels. (Torah NUM.31.51, JPS 1917) tree →
and in all the mighty hand, and in all the great terror, which Moses wrought in the sight of all Israel. (Torah DEU.34.12, JPS 1917) tree →
And all the wise men, that wrought all the work of the sanctuary, came every man from his work which they wrought. (Torah EXO.36.4, JPS 1917) tree →
Who hath wrought and done it? (Prophets ISA.41.4, JPS 1917) tree →
Or who hath said: 'Thou hast wrought unrighteousness'? (Writings JOB.36.23, JPS 1917) tree →
When the foundations are destroyed, what hath the righteous wrought? (Writings PSA.11.3, JPS 1917) tree →

Note

Early Modern English

Meaning

Made, shaped, or caused something to happen. tree →

Then and now

Today we say "worked" or "made"; "wrought" survives only in set phrases such as "wrought iron".

Examples

And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold of them, even all wrought jewels. (Torah NUM.31.51, JPS 1917) tree →
Our man paused when he beheld what he had wrought. (The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault) tree →
and in all the mighty hand, and in all the great terror, which Moses wrought in the sight of all Israel. (Torah DEU.34.12, JPS 1917) tree →

Note

Today: made; worked; caused.

On Mova

Trees and pragmatics of «wrought» in the school dictionary: every meaning and example parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.
«wrought» in the school dictionary on Mova free.
Trees and pragmatics of «wrought» in the Judaism dictionary: every meaning and example parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.
«wrought» in the Judaism dictionary on Mova free.
Trees and pragmatics of «wrought» in the Early Modern English dictionary: every meaning and example parsed by Mova, with its dependency tree and frames.
«wrought» in the Early Modern English dictionary on Mova free.

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